Ubuntombi obungenasiphelo bukaMariya

Kutheni amaKatolika ekholelwa ukuba uMariya wahlala enyulu, xa iBhayibhile isithi uYesu wayenabantakwabo noodade wabo?

Kwaye, kutheni ubuntombi bukaMariya bubaluleke kangaka kumaKatolika?

Impendulo elula yile: AmaKatolika akholelwa ukuba uMariya wahlala eyintombi enyulu ubomi bakhe bonke kuba kuyinyaniso. Yimfundiso evakaliswa ngokundilisekileyo yiCawa kaKristu, “intsika nesiseko senyaniso” (bona uPawulos Incwadi yokuqala eya kuTimoti 3:15); ityhilwe ngeSiko eliNgcwele; nangokuvumelana neZibhalo Ezingcwele (bona uPawulos Ileta yesibini eya kwabaseTesalonika 2:15).

Ngoko, AmaKatolika akholelwa ukuba “abazalwana noodade beNkosi” EBhayibhileni kubhekiselwa kuYesu ngokusondeleyo, kodwa hayi abantwana bakowenu (njengoko siza kuchaza ngokweenkcukacha ngezantsi).

Ekugqibeleni, kwaye kakhulu, Ubunyulu bukaMariya obungapheliyo bubalulekile kubuKristu ngenxa yoko buqinisekisayo ngoYesu. Ekugqibeleni, le nkolelo yalatha ubungcwele bukaKristu nokuba nguye yedwa woMnyamo: isenzo sokuba uThixo abe ngumntu.

Umprofeti uHezekile wayivakalisa inkosana “izakuphuma, ekuphumeni kwakhe isango liya kuvalwa” (bona UHezekile 46:12), kwaye iCawe iyaqonda ukuba oku kubhekiselele ekuzalweni kukaKristu kunye nobunyulu bukaMariya ubomi bonke (bona iSaint Ambrose, Ukungcwaliswa kweNtombi Enyulu 8:52). Ngoko, kwakufanelekile ukuba uMariya abugcine ubunyulu bakhe emva kokuzalwa kukaYesu ngenxa yobuntu bakhe: UThixo ekwimo yomntu!

NgokweZibhalo, ubani usenokucinga ngebali likaMoses netyholo elivuthayo. Wasondela uMoses etyholweni, Wathi uYehova, “Musa ukusondela; khulula iimbadada ezinyaweni zakho, kuba loo ndawo umi kuyo ingumhlaba ongcwele” (iEksodus 3:5).

Eli bali lisinceda ukuba siqonde ubunyulu bukaMariya obungapheliyo ngeendlela ezimbini.

Ekuqaleni, siyabona ukuba umhlaba wangcwaliswa ngenxa yokuba ubukho beNkosi babuhlile apho. Asimele silibale ukuba lo Thixo mnye, owabonakala kuMoses etyholweni elivuthayo, wakhawulwa esizalweni sikaMariya.

Ngoko, bekuya kufaneleka ukuba athi yena, njengaloo mhlaba ungcwele iEksodus, kwakufuneka zingcwaliswe, elungiselelwe ngokukodwa, yiyo i, ukwamkela uKumkani wookumkani neNkosi yeenkosi.

Isibini, abaSeki beCawa babona umfanekiso wetyholo elivuthayo ngokwalo–ityholo elidangazelayo, ukanti ayikagqitywa–njengomzekeliso wokuzala kukaMariya ngaphandle kokuphulukana nobunyulu bakhe. Umzekelo, ngenkulungwane yesine, UGregory waseNyssa wabhala, “Oko kwakufanekiselwa kwangaphambili ngelo xesha kwidangatye letyholo kwabonakaliswa ngokuphandle kwimfihlelo yeNtombi Enyulu.. … Njengoko entabeni ityholo latsha kodwa alizange litshe liphele, ngoko iNtombi yazala ukukhanya kwaye ayizange yonakale” (EkuZalweni kukaKristu).

Ngokusisiseko, Ubunyulu bukaMariya obungapheliyo buvakalisa kwihlabathi ukuba uKrestu wayengcwele kakhulu–UThixo ngokwakhe–bekungayi kufaneleka ukuba abunjwe esibelekweni somfazi oqhelekileyo; kwaye, ngokunjalo, ukuze aboni baphume kwaso esizalweni emva kwakhe–isibeleko esilungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo ukuzala uMesiya. Kwakhona, khawucinge ngoHezekile, “[Inkosana] izakuphuma, ekuphumeni kwakhe isango liya kuvalwa.”

Ubunyulu bukaMariya ngexesha lokuzalwa kweNkosi bubonakaliswa ngumprofeti uIsaya, ngubani othi, “Khangela, intombi le iya kumitha, izale unyana, umthiye igama elinguImanuweli” (7:14; bona UMateyu 1:23 kwaye ULuka 1:27). uIsaya, emveni kwakho konke, ingqina ubuntombi bakhe ekukhawuleni kwakhe kwaye ekuthwaleni. Ngaphezu koko. Impendulo kaMariya, kwisibhengezo sengelosi enkulu uya kumitha aze azale uNyana–“Ingenzeka njani lento ekubeni ndingamazi umntu?” (ULuka 1:34)–ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba wayeyintombi enyulu. Indlela asabela ngayo ayinangqiqo.

Ubume bakhe obungapheliyo buchazwa kwi INgoma yazo iiNgoma, esithi, “Igadi itshixiwe ngudade wethu, umtshakazi wam, umthombo otywiniweyo” (4:12).

Sinokuyiqonda njani le nto xa sinikwa inyani yokuba yena noYosefu babeganelwe kwaye emva koko batshata? Kukho isithethe sakudala esithi uMariya wayezinikele eNkosini njengentombi enyulu ezinikele kwasebusaneni; yathi ke yakuba mdala, yanikelwa kuYosefu, umhlolokazi omdala kakhulu kunaye (cf. Iprotoevangelium kaYakobi).

Ingcamango yobunyulu emtshatweni phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kanjalo, ingcamango yeBhayibhile. Umzekelo, kwiNcwadi yokuQala yooKumkani 1:4, UKumkani uDavide uthabatha intombi, uAbhishag, ukuba abe ngumfazi wakhe oza kumnyamekela ebudaleni bakhe, kodwa wazinxwema kuye.

Ngaphezu koko, kwileta yakhe yokuqala eya kwabaseKorinte, UPawulos wancomela imo yokungatshati ezinikeleyo okanye ukutshata ngokusisigxina kwabo banokuyamkela loo nto (bona 7:37-38).

Ngokucacileyo, ngenxa yobizo lwakhe lokuzala uNyana kaThixo, Umtshato kaMariya noYosefu wawungaqhelekanga. Yamiselwa nguThixo ukuba ikhathalelwe kwaye ikhusele iNtombi Enyulu kunye noNyana wakhe–ukugcina ukuzalwa kufihliwe kwihlabathi okwexeshana. “Ubuntombi bukaMariya, ukuzala kwakhe, kananjalo ukufa kweNkosi, zazifihlwe kumthetheli weli hlabathi,” wabhala uIgnatiyo wakwa-Antiyokwe, umfundi kampostile uYohane, malunga nonyaka 107: “–iimfihlelo ezintathu zabhengezwa ngokuvakalayo, kodwa wasebenza ekuthuleni kukaThixo” (Incwadi eya kwabase-Efese 19:1).

Kwi UMateyu 1:19, IZibhalo Ezingcwele zisixelela ukuba uYospe wayenjalo “indoda elilungisa.” Ngaloo ndlela, akuva ukuba uMariya ukhawulwe ngomnye, wagqiba kwelokuba amgxothe ngokuzolileyo ukuze amsindise ekubulaweni phantsi koMthetho kaMoses (nje ngokuba iDuteronomi 22:23-24).

INkosi yangenelela, nangona, emxelela ngengelosi ephupheni, “Musa ukoyika ukumthabatha uMariya umfazi wakho, kuba oko kukhawulweyo phakathi kwakhe kungoMoya oyiNgcwele; uya kuzala unyana, Uze umbize ngegama elinguYesu, kuba yena eya kubasindisa abantu bakhe ezonweni zabo” (UMateyu 1:20).

UYosefu ngewayengazange awathathe njengentsingiselo la mazwi, nangona, ukuba uMariya wayeza kuba ngumfazi wakhe ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Njengoko uSaint Ambrose waseMilan wabhala,

“Kananjalo akwenzi mahluko ukuba sithini iSibhalo: ‘UYosefu wamthabatha umfazi wakhe waza waya eYiputa’ (Mat. 1:24; 2:14); kuba wonke umntu othe wagana endodeni, uya kuba ngumkakhe. Kususela kwixesha apho umtshato uqala ukuba isigama somtshato sisetyenziswe. Asikokuqhawuka kobunyulu okuwenza umtshato, kodwa isivumelwano somtshato. Kuxa intombazana yamkele idyokhwe apho umtshato uqala, hayi xa eza kumazi umyeni wakhe ngokwasemzimbeni” (Ukungcwaliswa kweNtombi Enyulu kunye nobuntombi obungenasiphelo bukaMariya 6:41).

Ukuba wazala uNyana kaThixo kwamenza kuqala iqabane loMoya oyiNgcwele (ngokwe ULuka 1:35); yaye uYosefu wayekwalelwe phantsi koMthetho ukuba abe neentlobano zomtshato neqabane lomnye umntu.

Kuthekani nge “abazalwana noodade beNkosi?”

Ekuqaleni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba kukho ingozi ekucaphuleni iindinyana zeSibhalo kumxholo waso sonke iSibhalo.. Inyaniso yokuba uYesu wanikela uMariya kumpostile uYohane, umzekelo, luphawu oluqinileyo Wayengenabo abantakwenyani (bona UYohane 19:27). Kuba ukuba uMariya wayenabanye abantwana, UYesu ngewayengazange acele umntu ongaphandle kwentsapho ukuba amnyamekele. (Ingxabano echasene noku kuzuza okuthile kwizangqa zeVangeli yingcamango yokuba uYesu waphathisa uMariya kuYohane ngenxa yokuba uYakobi kunye neNkosi enye. “bazalwana” babengekabi ngamaKristu. Kodwa le mpikiswano inzima. Ukuba bekunjalo, ubani unokulindela ukuba iincwadi zeVangeli zinike ingcaciso ethile ngalo mphumo. Isibakala sokuba uYesu enikela uMariya kuYohane ngaphandle kwengcaciso sibonisa ukuba uMariya wayengenaye abanye abantwana.)

Njani, ngoko, ngaba kufuneka sitolike iivesi ezifana UMateyu 13:55, apho abantu besihlwele baphawula, “Asinguye na unyana womchweli lo? Ngaba uMariya akaziwa ukuba ngumama wakhe noYakobi, uYosefu, uSimon noYudas abazalwana bakhe? Abangoodadewabo na abamelwane bethu?”

Isikhundla samaKatolika ukuba ezi “abazalwana” kwaye “oodade” yayizizalamane ezisondeleyo, njengabazala, kodwa hayi abantwana bakowenu, iyavumelana nesithethe samaYuda samandulo sokubiza umntu sisizalwane “ubhuti” (ngokwe IGenesis 13:8; 14:14; 29:15, okqhubekayo.). Njengoko uPope John Paul Omkhulu wabhalayo, “Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuba akukho gama likhethekileyo likhoyo kwisiHebhere nesiAramiki ukuchaza igama elithi ‘umzala’., nokuba igama elithi ‘mzalwana’ kunye ‘nodade’ ngoko ke iquke amanqanaba amaninzi obudlelwane.”¹

Ngaphezu koko, kutyhilwa kwenye indawo UMateyu ukuba “UYakobi noYosefu” yayingoonyana bomnye uMariya, owama kunye nabanye abafazi emazantsi oMnqamlezo waza wahamba noMariya waseMagadala ukuya engcwabeni ngentsasa yePasika (27:55-56; 28:1).

Ngokuqhelekileyo omnye uMariya kukholelwa ukuba ngumfazi kaKlopa, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba wayengumalume kaYesu (bona UYohane 19:25; bona kwanoEusebius, Imbali yeCawa 3:11).² Iyaxela, ngaphezulu, ukuba yeNkosi “bazalwana” akukho ndawo eSibhalweni ekubhekiselwa kuyo njengoonyana bakaMariya, njengoko uYesu edla ngokubizwa njalo (bona UMateyu 13:55; Phawula 6:3, okqhubekayo.).

Kukho ezinye iivesi ezimbini zeVangeli abachasi boBunyulu bukaMariya obuhlala buhleli: UMateyu 1:25 kwaye ULuka 2:7.

UMateyu 1:25 utsho uYosefu “akazange abe neentlobano zokwazana naye nangaliphi na ixesha ngaphambi kokuba azale unyana.” Njengoko uLudwig Ott wachazayo Iziseko zeDogma yamaKatolika, nangona, le vesi “qinisekisa(s) ukuba kwada kwafika ixesha eliqinisekileyo umtshato awuzange ugqitywe, kodwa kungekhona nangayiphi na indlela ukuba yafezwa emva koku” (Iincwadi zeTan, 1960, p. 207). Injongo ye UMateyu 1:25 yayikukuqinisekisa ukuba uYesu wayengenayise wasemhlabeni, kwaye ngokwenene wayenguNyana kaThixo. Kwakungekho njongo yokucebisa nantoni na ngobudlelwane bukaYosefu noMariya emva kukaYesu’ ukuzalwa. Khawuqwalasele le Incwadi yesibini kaSamuweli 6:23, esithi uMariya “ebengenamntwana kwada kwayimini yokufa kwakhe.” Ngokucacileyo, oku akuthethi ukuba wayenomntwana emva ukufa kwakhe. Kwi UMateyu 28:20, UYesu uthembisa ukuba kunye nabalandeli bakhe “kude kube sekuphelisweni kwephakade eli.” Kwakhona, oku akuthethi ukuba uya kuyeka ukuba nabo ngaphaya kwelo nqanaba.

Kwi ULuka 2:7, UYesu ubizwa ngokuba ngokaMariya “owamazibulo.” Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uPope John Paul wachazayo:

“Igama elithi ‘izibulo,’ ngokoqobo lithetha ‘umntwana ongandulelwanga ngomnye’ kwaye, ngokwayo, ayithethi nto ngobukho babanye abantwana. Ngaphezu koko, uMvangeli ugxininisa olu phawu loMntwana, ekubeni iimbopheleleko ezithile ezifanelekileyo kumthetho wamaYuda zazinxulunyaniswa nokuzalwa konyana wamazibulo, ngaphandle kokuba umama wayenokubazala abanye abantwana. Ngaloo ndlela wonke unyana okuphela kwakhe wayephantsi kwale miyalelo kuba ‘wayezelwe kuqala’ (cf. ULuka 2:23)” (“The Church Presents Mary as ‘Ever Virgin’”)

UMichael O'Carroll, ngaphezulu, ingxelo, “Umbhalo wokungcwatywa kwamaYuda eYiputa, ukususela kwinkulungwane yokuqala, … inceda ukuphendula inkcaso echasene nobunyulu obungapheliyo bukaMary esekwe kwiSt. Ukusetyenziswa kukaLuka kwegama elithi ‘izibulo’ (iiprototokos) (2:7). Ukuba eli gama alibhekiseli kwabanye abantwana kuboniswa kukusetyenziswa kwalo kule meko ukuchaza umfazi owafa emva kokuzalwa komntwana wakhe wokuqala., ababengenakuba nabo ngokucacileyo” (Theotokos: I-Theological Encyclopedia yeNtombi Enyulu kaMariya, UMichael Glazier, 1982, p. 49).

Bathini Abaseki BeCawa?

Ukusukela omabini amacala kwingxabano yobunyulu bukaMariya obungapheliyo, ipro kunye ne-con, benze iingxoxo zezibhalo ukuxhasa isikhundla sabo, singazi njani ukuba ngubani ochanekileyo? Ngubani otolika iSibhalo ngokuchanekileyo, ngendlela yobupostile ngokwenyani?

Enye indlela yokunikela inkxaso kukuhlola imibhalo yamandulo yembali yobuKristu, eyaziwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengemibhalo yaBaseki BeCawa Bakuqala.

UClement waseAlexandria, njengokuba, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesithathu wabhala, “Ngulo Mama yedwa owayengenabisi, ngokuba ebengabanga ngumfazi yedwa. Uyintombi enyulu kanye njengoMama” (UMyaleli Wabantwana 1:6:42:1).

Umfundi kaClement, Origen, kumashumi eminyaka okuqala aloo nkulungwane, waqinisekisa ukuba uMariya “ebengenanyana wumbi ngaphandle kukaYesu” (Amagqabantshintshi ngoYohane 1:6). Kwenye indawo, wabhala, “Kwaye ndicinga ukuba iyavisisana nesizathu sokuba uYesu wayeyintlahlela phakathi kwabantu bobunyulu obuquka ubunyulu., waye ke uMariya ephakathi kwabafazi; kuba bekungekuhle ukuba kubekelwe omnye ngaphandle kwakhe intlahlela yobuntombi” (Amagqabantshintshi ngoMateyu 2:17).

Kunye nendumiso yakhe egqithileyo kuye, Athanasius (d. 373) wachaza uMariya njengo “Ever-Virgin” (Iintetho Ezinxamnye nama-Arian 2:70).

Malunga 375, U-Epiphanius waxoxa, “Ngaba wakha wakho nawuphi na umntu owakha wanesibindi sokuthetha ngegama likaMariya oyiNgcwele, nokubuzwa, khange wongeze kwangoko, ‘iNtombi Enyulu?'” (Panarion 78:6).

“Ngokuqinisekileyo,” wabhala uPope Siricius kwi 392, “asinakukhanyela ukuba intlonipho Yakho yayithetheleleka ngokugqibeleleyo ekumkhalimeleni kumanqaku abantwana bakaMariya, nokuba ube nesizathu esilungileyo sokunkwantya kuluvo lokuba kungaphuma okunye ukuzalwa kwasesizalweni sentombi enyulu awazalwa kuso uKristu ngokwenyama.” (Ileta eya kuAnysius, Ubhishophu waseTesalonika).

U-Ambrose uphawule ngaphakathi 396, “Xelisa yena, oomama abangcwele, owathi ngoNyana wakhe okuphela kwakhe amthandayo wamisela umzekelo obalaseleyo wokulunga kwezinto eziphathekayo; ngokuba aninabantwana abamnandi, yaye iNtombi Enyulu ayizange ifune ukuthuthuzelwa ngokuzala omnye unyana” (Iileta 63:111).

Augustine waseHippo (d. 430) waphawula, “Intombi Enyulu iyamitha, iNtombi ezalayo, iNtombi ekhulelweyo, iNtombi ezalayo, iNtombi engunaphakade. Kutheni uzibuza oku, Oman? Kwakufanelekile ukuba uThixo azalwe ngolo hlobo, xa Wazenza umntu” (Iintshumayelo 186:1).

UPope Leo Omkhulu wabhengeza kwi 449, “Wakhawulwa ngoMoya oyiNgcwele esibelekweni sikaMama Oyintombi Enyulu. Wamkhupha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa bubuntombi, njengokuba wamkhawulayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwayo” (Kum 28). Kwenye indawo uPontifi wabhala, “Kuba kukhawulwe Intombi Enyulu, a Virgin wazala, yahlala intombi Enyulu” (Intshumayelo ngoMthendeleko Wokuzalwa KukaYesu 22:2).

Ngaloo ndlela, sifumana ukuqhubeka ngokwembali kwale mfundiso ukusukela kwiminyaka yokuqala yokholo ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje.

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