Chifukwa Chake Mabaibulo Ali Osiyana?

Mwachionekere, Mabaibulo amasiyana chifukwa chomasulira, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu, nawonso, ndipo zimenezi zikukhudza kulembedwa kwa Baibulo, makamaka mabuku ovomerezeka m’Chipangano Chakale.

Nthawi zambiri, Akatolika ndi akhristu ena amakonda kuvomereza kuti mabuku alembedwe mu Chipangano Chatsopano, Koma akutsutsana za kutsimikizika kwa mabuku asanu ndi awiri a m’Buku Lopatulika Chipangano Chakale kuti Akatolika akuphatikizapo.

Mabuku awa, otchedwa deuterocanonical (kapena "canon yachiwiri") mabuku chifukwa mbiri yawo idatsutsidwa kwakanthawi. Komabe, kuyambira ndi Council of Rome mu 382 A.D., umene unasonkhana pansi pa ulamuliro wa Papa Woyera Damasus Woyamba, Tchalitchi cha Katolika chavomereza kuti mabukuwa ndi olondola komanso oyenerera, pamene madera ena achikristu ali nawo ndipo satero.

Mabuku ndi:

• Tobiti
• Judith
• Nzeru
• Sirach (kapena Ecclesiasticus)
• Baruki
• Choyamba ndi Maccabees Wachiwiri
• Magawo a Danieli ndi Esther

Mabuku a deuterocanonical akuphatikizidwa mu Canon yotchuka ya Alexandria, Baibulo lachi Greek la Chipangano Chakale opangidwa pakati 250 ndi 100 B.C. Bukuli linapangidwa ndi alembi Achiyuda makumi asanu ndi awiri pa pempho la Farao wa ku Aigupto Ptolemy II Philadelphus., amene ankafuna kukhala ndi mabuku opatulika a Chiyuda omasuliridwa m’Chigiriki kuti alowe mu Library ya ku Alexandria.. Mabuku ovomerezeka olembedwa ndi alembi makumi asanu ndi awiri ameneŵa mwaulemu wawo anayamba kutchedwa Septuagint pambuyo pake zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, liwu lachilatini lotanthauza “makumi asanu ndi awiri.”

Baibulo la Septuagint linali kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ku Palestine wakale ndipo ngakhale Ambuye Wathu ndi otsatira Ake ankakonda. Pamenepo, mawu ambiri a Chipangano Chakale amene amapezeka m’Chipangano Chatsopano amachokera mu Septuagint.

Otsutsa anenapo, komabe, kuti mabuku a deuterocanonical sanatchulidwe mu Chipangano Chatsopano, komanso palibenso mabuku angapo omwe si Akatolika amavomereza, monga Oweruza, Buku Loyamba la Mbiri, Nehemiya, Mlaliki, Nyimbo ya Solomo, Maliro, Obadiya, ndi ena. Komanso, ngakhale Chipangano Chatsopano sichimatchula mwachindunji mabuku a deuterocanonical, amawatchula m’ndime zosiyanasiyana (yerekezerani makamaka za Paulo Kalata yopita kwa Ahebri 11:35 ndi The Bukhu Lachiwiri la Maccabees 7:29; komanso Mateyu 27:43 ndi Nzeru 2:17-18; Mateyu 6:14-15 ndi Sirach 28:2; Mateyu 7:12 ndi Tobiti 4:15; ndi Machitidwe a Atumwi 10:26 ndi Nzeru 7:1).

Atsogoleri achipulotesitanti oyambirira anakana Baibulo la Septuagint, Chipangano Chakale cha Katolika, mokomera mabuku ovomerezeka opangidwa ku Palestine, zomwe zimasiya mabuku a deuterocanonical. Bukuli linakhazikitsidwa ndi gulu la arabi m’mudzi wa Jamnia chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana loyamba A.D., zaka mazana awiri kapena mazana atatu pambuyo pake kuposa Septuagint.

Zikuoneka kuti oyambitsa Chipulotesitanti anaona kukhala kopindulitsa kukana Septuagint chifukwa cha ndime za deuterocanonicals zomwe zimachirikiza chiphunzitso cha Katolika.. Mwachindunji, adatsutsa Bukhu Lachiwiri la Maccabees 12:45-46, zimene zimasonyeza kuti Ayuda akale ankapempherera akufa.

Zodabwitsa, Martin Luther adatenganso gawo lina lakutsutsa mabuku ochepa a Chipangano Chatsopano pazifukwa za chiphunzitso.. Iye ananyoza a Kalata ya James, Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha chiphunzitso chake “kuti munthu ayesedwa wolungama ndi ntchito, osati ndi chikhulupiriro chokha” (2:24). Kuphatikiza pa James, imene anaitcha “kalata wa udzu,” Luther nayenso anakana Kalata Yachiwiri ya Petro, ndi Chachiwiri ndi Kalata Yachitatu ya Yohane, Paulo Woyera Kalata yopita kwa Ahebri, ndi Bukhu la Chivumbulutso.

Tchalitchi cha Katolika chimavomereza ulamuliro wa Baibulo Lopatulika, ngakhale iye sachiyesa icho ngati chidendene ulamuliro, monga Luther anachitira.

Kulemekeza Baibulo kwa Tchalitchi m’mbiri yakale n’kosatsutsidwa.

Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Canon, Papa Damasus adasankha Jerome Woyera (d. 420), wophunzira Baibulo wamkulu wa m’tsiku lake ndipo mwinamwake wa nthaŵi zonse, kumasulira Baibulo m’Chilatini kuti lizitha kuwerengedwa padziko lonse.¹

Baibulo linasungidwa m’Nyengo Zapakati ndi amonke Achikatolika, amene amachipanganso ndi dzanja chilembo chimodzi chimodzi. Zigawo za Baibulo zinamasuliridwa koyamba m’Chingelezi ndi Saint Bede the Venerable, wansembe wachikatolika, m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu.

Mabuku a m’Baibulo anagawidwa m’machaputala 1207 ndi Stephen Langton, Bishopu wamkulu wa Katolika wa Canterbury. Baibulo loyamba kusindikizidwa linasindikizidwa padziko lonse 1452 ndi Johann Gutenberg, woyambitsa Wachikatolika wa mitundu yosunthika. Baibulo la Gutenberg linali ndi mabuku a deuterocanonical monga anachitira Authorized kapena King James Version yoyambirira mu 1611.

Baibulo linatembenuzidwa ndi Tchalitchi cha Katolika m’Chijeremani ndi zinenero zina zambiri nthaŵi ya Luther isanafike. Pamenepo, Kevin Orlin Johnson adanena m'buku lake, N’chifukwa Chiyani Akatolika Amachita Zimenezi??

“Chikalata chakale kwambiri cha Chijeremani cha mtundu uliwonse ndi matembenuzidwe a Baibulo opangidwamo 381 ndi mmonke dzina lake Ulfilas; anamasulira m’Chigothic, zomwe ndi zomwe German anali kale. Nthawi zambiri mumamva kuti Martin Luther anali woyamba kumasula Baibulo kuchokera m'manja mwa Mpingo ndikulipereka kwa anthu omwe anali ndi njala ya m'Malemba., koma izo mwachiwonekere zamkhutu. Kuyambira Ulfilas, panali zaka zoposa 1,000 za Mabaibulo apamanja a chinenero cha Chijeremani, ndi zosachepera makumi awiri ndi chimodzi zosindikizidwa za Chijeremani (ndi kuwerengera kwa Cardinal Gibbon) pamaso pa Luther.” (N’chifukwa Chiyani Akatolika Amachita Zimenezi??, Mabuku a Ballantine, 1995, p. 24, n.)

Monga Akhristu onse, Akatolika amadalira pa Mzimu Woyera kuti awatsogolere pakumasulira Malemba; ndi chidziwitso chapadera, ngakhale, kuti Mzimu umagwira ntchito kupyolera mu galimoto ya Mpingo (onani Yohane 14:26 ndi 16:13). Mzimu umatsogolera Magisterium a Mpingo mu wosalephera kutanthauzira Lemba, monga momwe adawaongolera olemba opatulika m’kuilemba kwake mosalephera.

Ambiri omwe si Akatolika amakonda kuona lingaliro la ulamuliro wa Tchalitchi kukhala wosemphana ndi ulamuliro wa Mulungu., koma Khristu anautsimikizira Mpingo, “Iye wakumva inu akundimva Ine;, ndipo iye wakukana inu, andikana Ine, ndipo wondikana Ine amkana Iye amene anandituma Ine” (Luka 10:16). Choncho, ulamuliro wa Mulungu sungathe kulekanitsidwa ku ulamuliro wa Mpingo Wake. Khristu ndiye gwero la ulamuliro wa Mpingo ndipo popeza ulamulirowu umachokera kwa Iye uyenera kuzindikiridwa ndi otsatira ake onse ndikumvera..

Ngakhale kuti ambiri amanena kuti amatsatira malangizo a m’Baibulo, chowonadi cha nkhaniyi ndi, kwa ambiri zimene Baibulo limanena zimadalira pa kumasulira kwaumwini kwa munthuyo.

Petro Woyera anachenjeza, komabe, “kuti palibe uneneri wa m’Malemba uli wongomasulira iye mwini, chifukwa palibe uneneri unadza ndi mphamvu ya munthu, koma anthu ogwidwa ndi mzimu woyera analankhula mawu ochokera kwa Mulungu” (onani wake Kalata Yachiwiri 1:20-21; kutsindika anawonjezera). Petro ananenanso, molingana ndi makalata a Paulo, kuti “Muli zinthu zina zovuta kuzimvetsa, amene mbuli ndi osakhazikika apotoza ku chionongeko chawo, monga amachitira malemba ena. Inu chotero, wokondedwa, podziwa izi kale, chenjerani mungatengedwe ndi zolakwa za anthu osamvera malamulo, ndi kutaya kukhazikika kwanu” (komanso mu Peter Kalata Yachiwiri 3:16-17).

Chifukwa chake, Akatolika amayamikira kwambiri zaka pafupifupi 2,000, mwambo wokhazikika wa kutanthauzira ndi kumvetsetsa.