බයිබල් වෙනස් ඇයි??

පැහැදිලිවම, bibles differ due to translations, but there is a more fundamental difference, ද, and that involves the composition of the bible, particularly the accepted books in the Old Testament.

Generally, Catholics and other Christians tend to agree on the books to include in the New Testament, but they debate the authenticity of seven books in the පැරණි ගිවිසුම that Catholics include.

These books, called the deuterocanonical (or “second canon”) books because their status was contested for a time. කෙසේ වුවද, beginning with the Council of Rome in 382 දැන්වීම., which convened under the authority of Pope Saint Damasus I, the Catholic Church has accepted the validity and worthiness of these books, while other Christian communities have and do not.

The books are:

The deuterocanonical books are included in the famous Alexandrian Canon, a Greek version of the පැරණි ගිවිසුම produced between 250 සහ 100 ක්රි.පූ. This canon was formed by seventy Jewish scribes at the request of the Egyptian Pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who desired to have a standardized collection of Judaism’s Sacred Books translated into Greek for inclusion in the Library of Alexandria. The canon produced by these seventy scribes has in their honor come to be known as the Septuagint after septuagintus, the Latin word for “seventy.”

The Septuagint was used in ancient Palestine and was even preferred by Our Lord and His followers. ඇත්ත වශයෙන්ම, the overwhelming majority of Old Testament quotations that appear in the New Testament are from the Septuagint.

Critics have pointed out, කෙසේ වුවද, that the deuterocanonical books are not quoted in the New Testament, but then again neither are several of the books which non-Catholics accept, such as විනිසුරුවරුන්, First Book of Chronicles, නෙහෙමියා, දේශනාකාරයා, සලමොන්ගේ ගීතය, විලාප ගී, ඔබදියා, සහ වෙනත් අය. තවද, even if the New Testament does not directly quote the deuterocanonical books, it alludes to them in various passages (compare especially Paul’s හෙබ්‍රෙව්වරුන්ට ලිපියක් 11:35 with The මැකබීස්ගේ දෙවන පොත 7:29; තවද මැතිව් 27:43 සමග ප්රඥාව 2:17-18; මැතිව් 6:14-15 සමග සිරාච් 28:2; මැතිව් 7:12 සමග ටෝබිත් 4:15; සහ අපොස්තුළුවරුන්ගේ ක්රියා 10:26 සමග ප්රඥාව 7:1).

The early Protestant leaders rejected the Septuagint, the Catholic Old Testament, in favor of a canon produced in Palestine, which omits the deuterocanonical books. This canon was established by a group of rabbis in the village of Jamnia towards the end of the first century A.D., two to three hundred years later than the Septuagint.

It seems that the founders of Protestantism found it advantageous to reject the Septuagint because of passages in the deuterocanonicals which support Catholic doctrine. විශේෂයෙන්, they took objection to the මැකබීස්ගේ දෙවන පොත 12:45-46, which shows that the ancient Jews prayed for the dead.

Remarkably, Martin Luther took the further step of condemning a handful of New-Testament books on doctrinal grounds as well. He despised the ජේම්ස්ගේ ලිපිය, උදාහරණ වශයෙන්, for its teaching “that a man is justified by works and not by faith alone” (2:24). In addition to ජේම්ස්, which he called “an epistle of straw,” Luther also rejected the Second Letter of Peter, එම දෙවැනි සහ Third Letters of John, ශාන්ත පාවුළු හෙබ්‍රෙව්වරුන්ට ලිපියක්, සහ එළිදරව් පොත.

The Catholic Church acknowledges the Holy Bible’s authority, though she does not regard it as the sole authority, as Luther did.

The Church’s reverence for the Bible historically is undeniable.

Following the establishment of the Canon, Pope Damasus commissioned Saint Jerome (ඈ. 420), the greatest biblical scholar of his day and perhaps of all time, to translate the Bible into Latin so that it could be read universally.1

The Bible was preserved through the Middle Ages by Catholic monks, who reproduced it by hand one letter at a time. Sections of the Bible were first translated into English by Saint Bede the Venerable, a Catholic priest, in the eighth century.

The books of the Bible were divided into chapters in 1207 by Stephen Langton, the Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury. The first printed Bible was produced around 1452 by Johann Gutenberg, the Catholic inventor of movable type. Gutenberg’s Bible included the deuterocanonical books as did the original Authorized or King James Version in 1611.

The Bible was translated by the Catholic Church into German and many other languages well before Luther’s time. ඇත්ත වශයෙන්ම, Kevin Orlin Johnson noted in his book, ඇයි කතෝලිකයන් එහෙම කරන්නේ?

“The oldest German document of any kind is a translation of the Bible done in 381 by a monk named Ulfilas; he translated it into Gothic, which is what German was back then. You often hear that Martin Luther was the first to liberate the Bible from the Church’s grasp and give it to a Scripture-starved people, but that’s obviously nonsense. Since Ulfilas, there had been more than a thousand years of manuscript German-language Bibles, and at least twenty-one printed German editions (by Cardinal Gibbon’s count) before Luther.” (ඇයි කතෝලිකයන් එහෙම කරන්නේ?, Ballantine Books, 1995, පි. 24, n.)

Like all Christians, Catholics rely upon the Holy Spirit for guidance in interpreting Scripture; with the unique understanding, කෙසේ වෙතත්, that the Spirit operates through the vehicle of the Church (බලන්න ජෝන් 14:26 සහ 16:13). The Spirit guides the Church’s Magisterium in infallible interpreting Scripture, just as He guided the sacred writers in infallibly composing it.

Many non-Catholics tend to see the idea of the Church’s authority as being at odds with God’s authority, but Christ assured the Church, “ඔබට සවන් දෙන තැනැත්තා මට සවන් දෙයි, ඔබව ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කරන්නා මා ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කරයි, මාව ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කරන්නා මාව එවූ තැනැත්තාව ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කරයි” (ලූක් 10:16). ඒ නිසා, the authority of God cannot be separated from the authority of His Church. Christ is the source of the Church’s authority and as this authority comes from Him it is to be recognized by all His followers and obeyed.

Although many claim to follow the authority of the Bible, the truth of the matter is, for many what the Bible says depends upon the private interpretation of the individual.

Saint Peter warned, කෙසේ වුවද, “that no prophecy of scripture is a matter of one’s own interpretation, because no prophecy ever came by the impulse of man, එහෙත් men moved by the Holy Spirit spoke from God” (ඔහුගේ බලන්න දෙවන ලිපිය 1:20-21; අවධාරණය එකතු කරන ලදී). Peter also said, in reference to Paul’s letters, that “There are some things in them hard to understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other scriptures. You therefore, beloved, knowing this beforehand, beware lest you be carried away with the error of lawless men and lose your own stability” (also in Peter’s දෙවන ලිපිය 3:16-17).

For that reason, Catholics are grateful for the nearly-2,000-year, consistent tradition of interpretation and understanding.

  1. “While the Roman Empire subsisted in Europe, the reading of the Scriptures in the Latin tongue, which was the universal language of the empire, prevailed everywhere,” the Reverend Charles Buck, a non-Catholic, acknowledged (“Bible” in Theological Dictionary; Patrick F. O’Hare, The Facts About Luther, rev. සංස්., Rockford, Illinois: Tan Books and Publishers, Inc., 1987, පි. 182). Pope Damasus had the Scriptures translated into Latin, the universal language of his day, for the same reason contemporary Christianslike ushave made the Scriptures available on the internet: so that as many people as possible might have access to them.

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