I-Ekaristi

Kungani amaKhatholika ekholelwa ukuthi i-Ekaristi inguMzimba neGazi likaJesu?

Impendulo emfushane ithi amaKhatholika akholelwa ukuthi i-Ekaristi inguMzimba neGazi likaJesu ngoba yafundiswa nguJesu, Ngokwakhe, futhi kulotshwe eBhayibhelini.

Ngobusuku akhashelwa ngabo, Wahlangana nabaPhostoli Bakhe ukuzogubha iPhasika, ukudla okuyisiko okwadliwa ama-Israyeli (ngobusuku bangaphambi kokukhululwa kwabo ebugqilini baseGibhithe).

Isidlo sePhasika sasihlanganisa nenyama yewundlu lomhlatshelo (bheka u-Eksodusi, 12:8). Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina, okwenzeka ngobusuku bangaphambi kokukhululwa komuntu esonweni, kuwukugcwaliseka kwesidlo sePhasika.

Ngalobo busuku, Manje eyaziwa ngokuthi uLwesine Olungcwele, uJesu, iWundlu likaNkulunkulu, wanikela ngeNyama neGazi lakhe ukuba lidliwe ngabakholwayo–ngokwesakramente, ngesimo sesinkwa newayini.1

OFakazi BakaJehova namanye amaqembu ngokuvamile ayayiphikisa imfundiso yamaKatolika ngoMthendeleko ngesizathu sokuthi iphula umthetho weTestamente Elidala owenqabela ukudla igazi.. EVangelini likaMarku 7:18-19, nokho, UJesu wasusa umthwalo wemithetho kaMose yokudla—kuhlanganise nokudla igazi—kubalandeli baKhe. EMkhandlwini waseJerusalema abaPhostoli bakwenqabela ukudla igazi, nakuba kuphela ezimweni ezithile ukugwema ukucasula ngokungadingekile amaJuda (bheka izEnzo zabaPhostoli 15:29 futhi 21:25).

Ethatha isinkwa, ibusise, ukuyihlephula, futhi besabela phakathi kwabaphostoli, kusho uJesu, “Thatha, dla; umzimba wami lo” (Mathewu 26:26). Wase ethatha inkomishi, abuye ayibusise, wabanika, ethi, “Phuza ngayo, nonke; ngoba lokhu kuyigazi lami lesivumelwano, elithululwa ngenxa yabaningi kukho ukuthethelelwa kwezono” (Mathewu 26:27-28). Nakuba uJesu wayevame ukukhuluma ngendlela engokomfanekiso phakathi nenkonzo Yakhe, ngalesi sikhathi esibucayi Wakhuluma ngokusobala. “Lokhu kungumzimba wami," Uthe, ngaphandle kwencazelo. “Igazi lami leli.” Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi iNkosi yayingaqondisa kanjani.

Ukumisa kukaJesu uMthendeleko eSidlweni Sakusihlwa Sokugcina kugcwalisa intshumayelo Yakhe edumile Yesinkwa Sokuphila, elilotshwe esahlukweni sesithupha seVangeli likaJohane. Le ntshumayelo yandulelwa ukuphindaphindeka kwezinkwa nezinhlanzi, ngazo izinkulungwane zondliwa ngokuyisimangaliso ngenani elincane lokudla (bheka uJohane 6:4 nakuba leso simangaliso sivela kuwo womane amaVangeli). Lesi senzakalo yisingathekiso se-Ekaristi, kwenzeka njengoba kwenzeka phakathi nePhasika futhi lenziwa ngendlela efanayo uJesu ayezoyisebenzisa kamuva eSidlweni Sakusihlwa Sokugcina—ethatha izinkwa., enika ukubonga, futhi besabalalisa (UJohane 6:11). Lapho abantu bebuya ngakusasa ukuzofuna isibonakaliso kuYe, bekhumbula ukuthi okhokho babo baphiwa imana ehlane (njengaku-Eksodusi 16:14), UJesu uyaphendula, “Impela, ngempela, ngithi kini, akusiye uMose owanipha isinkwa esivela ezulwini; uBaba unipha isinkwa soqobo esivela ezulwini. Ngokuba isinkwa sikaNkulunkulu siyilowo owehla ezulwini, futhi unikeza ukuphila emhlabeni” (UJohane 6:32-33).

“Nkosi, usiphe lesi sinkwa njalonjalo,” bayakhala (UJohane 6:34).

“Mina ngiyisinkwa sokuphila,” Ephendula; “oza kimi kasoze alamba, futhi okholwa yimi kasoze oma” (6:35). Nakuba amazwi Akhe enza amaJuda angakhululeki, UJesu uyaqhubeka engapheli, Inkulumo yakhe ikhula kancane kancane:

47 “Impela, ngempela, ngithi kini, okholwayo unokuphila okuphakade.

48 Mina ngiyisinkwa sokuphila.

49 Oyihlo badla imana ehlane, bafa.

50 Lesi yisinkwa esehla ezulwini, ukuze umuntu adle kuwo, angafi.

51 Mina ngiyisinkwa esiphilayo esehla sivela ezulwini; uba umuntu esidla lesi sinkwa, uyakuphila phakade; futhi isinkwa engizosinikela ngenxa yokuphila kwezwe siyinyama yami” (6:47-51; kugcizelelwe).

Ivesi 51 inobufakazi obungenakuphikwa bokuthi uJesu akakhulumi ngomfanekiso, ngoba Ukhomba Isinkwa okumele sidliwe njengeNyama efanayo eyayizohlupheka futhi ife esiphambanweni. Ukugomela ngokuthi lapho ebhekisela Enyameni Yakhe kulesi siqephu ukhuluma ngendlela engokomfanekiso kusho ukuthi Inyama eyahlupheka futhi yafela esiphambanweni yayiwuphawu nje., ngoba bayafana!2

“Lo muntu angasinika kanjani inyama yakhe ukuba siyidle?” abantu bayabuza (6:52).

Naphezu kokwethuka kwabo, UJesu uqhubeka egcizelela kakhulu:

“Impela, ngempela, ngithi kini, ngaphandle kokuthi nidle inyama yeNdodana yomuntu, niphuze igazi layo, awunakuphila kuwe; odla inyama yami, aphuze igazi lami, unokuphila okuphakade, mina-ke ngiyakumvusa ngosuku lokugcina. Ngokuba inyama yami ingukudla isibili, legazi lami liyisiphuzo isibili. Odla inyama yami, aphuze igazi lami, uhlala kimi, nami kuye. Njengoba uBaba ophilayo engithumile, futhi ngiphila ngenxa kaBaba, ngakho ongidlayo uyakuphila ngami. Lesi yisinkwa esehle ezulwini, hhayi njengoba oyise badla bafa; odla lesi sinkwa uyakuphila phakade” (6:53-58; kugcizelelwe).

Ukugujwa koMthendeleko kwakubalulekile ekuphileni kwamaKristu okuqala, “abazinikele ekufundiseni kwabaphostoli nasekuhlanganyeleni, nasekuhlephuleni isinkwa nasemithandazweni” (Bheka Izenzo Zabaphostoli 2:42). Qaphela ukuthi “Ukuhlephula isinkwa nemikhuleko” kubhekise eSikhumbuzweni.

Eminyakeni embalwa nje ngemva kokufa koMphostoli wokugcina, U-Ignatius oNgcwele wase-Antiyokiya (d. ca. 107) wachaza iLiturgy ngendlela efanayo, egxeka izihlubuki ngokudeda “ekudleni nasekukhulekeni” (Incwadi eya kwabaseSmirna 6:2). Ukuthi iBandla lokuqala, ngaphezu kwalokho, ithathe iSonto, usuku lokuVuka, njengoba iSabatha lakhe kukhulunywa ngalo encwadini yeZenzo zabaPhostoli 20:7, okushoyo, “Ngosuku lokuqala lwesonto, … sasibuthene ukuhlephula isinkwa…” (cf. I-Didache 14; UJustin the Martyr, Okokuqala Ukuxolisa 67).

UPawuli oNgcwele ukhomba kokubili imana nedwala elikhafula amanzi kuma-Israyeli njengezingathekiso ze-Ekaristi.. “Bonke badla ukudla okufanayo okungaphezu kwemvelo futhi bonke baphuza isiphuzo esifanayo esinamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo,” uyabhala. “Ngoba babephuza eDwaleni elingaphezu kwemvelo elalibalandela, futhi iDwala lalinguKristu” (Bheka Incwadi yakhe yokuqala eya kwabaseKorinte10:3-4 kanye neNcwadi yeSambulo 2:17). Uyaqhubeka eyala abaseKorinte ngokuntula kwabo inhlonipho ekutholeni uMthendeleko, ukubhala:

11:23 Ngokuba ngakwamukela eNkosini lokho enganinika khona, ukuthi iNkosi uJesu ngobusuku eyakhashelwa ngabo yathatha isinkwa

24 kwathi esebongile, wephula, wathi, lokhu kungumzimba wami ongowenu. lokhu kwenzeni ningikhumbula.

25 Kanjalo nendebe, ngemva kokudla kwakusihlwa, ethi, Le ndebe iyisivumelwano esisha egazini lami. Yenza lokhu, njalo nxa uliphuza, ekungikhumbuleni.

26 Ngokuba njalo lapho nidla lesi sinkwa niphuza lesi sitsha, nimemezela ukufa kweNkosi ize ifike.

27 Noma ubani, ngakho-ke, odla isinkwa noma aphuze indebe yeNkosi ngokungafanele uyakuba necala lokungcolisa umzimba negazi leNkosi.

28 Umuntu akazihlole, ngakho yidlani isinkwa niphuze lesi sitsha.

29 Ngokuba odlayo aphuze, engawuhlukanisi umzimba, uzidlela aziphuzele ukwahlulelwa.

30 Kungakho abaningi kini bebuthakathaka futhi begula, labanye sebafa (bheka uMathewu 5:23-24, futhi).

Ngevesi 27, ukwamukela uMthendeleko ngokungafanele kuwukona uMzimba neGazi leNkosi. Ngakho, kufanelekile ukubuza: kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ukwamukelwa kwesinkwa esijwayelekile newayini kube yisono eMzimbeni neGazi likaJesu? UPawuli uthi ngisho nokwamukela i-Ekaristi ngokungafanele kuyisizathu sokuthi “abaningi benu bebuthakathaka futhi begula., futhi abanye bafa” (v. 30).

Kuyafaneleka kuphela ukuthi iPatristic yokuqala edume kakhulu (Baba Webandla) izitatimende ngobukhona bangempela zivela kuSaint Ignatius wase-Antiyokiya, owafunda ukuKholwa ehlezi ezinyaweni zoMvangeli uJohane. Cishe ngonyaka u-A.D. 107, besebenzisa imfundiso yeBandla ye-Ekaristi ukuvikela ukuMthwaliswa kwabantu kumaDocetists, owaphika ukuthi uJesu wayezile ngempela enyameni, U-Ignatius wabhala:

Qaphela labo abanemibono engafani ngomusa kaJesu Kristu osufikile kithi, futhi ubone ukuthi imibono yabo iphambene kanjani nomqondo kaNkulunkulu. … Abazidli eSidlweni kanye nasemthandazweni, ngoba abavumi ukuthi uMthendeleko uyiNyama yoMsindisi wethu uJesu Kristu, Inyama eyahlupheka ngenxa yezono zethu futhi uBaba, ebuhleni Bakhe, wavuka futhi (Incwadi eya kwabaseSmirna 6:2; 7:1).

Wona loMzimba owahlupheka wafa esiphambanweni ngenxa yezono zethu wabuya kwabafileyo, njengokuchaza kuka-Ignatius, ukhona kithi eDini eliNgcwele (bheka uJohane 6:51).

UJustin the Martyr, ukubhala nxazonke 150, wathi Isinkwa Se-Ekaristian Newayini awamukelwa “njengesinkwa esivamile noma isiphuzo esivamile,” ngoba “bayinyama negazi lalowo uJesu osenyameni” (Okokuqala Ukuxolisa 66).

Cishe 185, I-Saint Irenaeus yaseLyons, uthisha wakhe oNgcwele uPolycarp waseSmirna (d. ca. 156) laye wayemazi uJohane, wakhuluma nge-Ekaristi ekuvikeleni uvuko lomzimba ngokumelene ne-gnosticism. “Uma umzimba ungasindiswa,” kuphikisa uNgcwele, “bese, Empeleni, futhi iNkosi ayizange isihlenge ngeGazi laYo; futhi indebe yoMthendeleko ayikuhlanganyeli eGazini Lakhe noma isinkwa esisihlephulayo ukuze sihlanganyele uMzimba Wakhe. (1 Kor. 10:16)” (Ngokumelene Namambuka 5:2:2).

U-Origen waphawula nge-Ekaristi maphakathi nekhulu lesithathu, “Phambilini, ngendlela engacacile, kwakukhona imana lokudla; manje, nokho, ekubukeni okuphelele, kukhona Ukudla Kweqiniso, Inyama Yezwi likaNkulunkulu, njengoba esho: ‘Inyama yami ingukudla kweqiniso, neGazi lami liyisiphuzo seqiniso’ (UJohane 6:56)” (Homilies on Numbers 7:2).

Ngokufanayo, I-Saint Cyprian yaseCarthage (d. 258) wabhala:

Siyacela ukuba lesi sinkwa siphiwe nsuku zonke (cf. Math. 6:11), ukuze thina esikuKristu futhi nsuku zonke samukele i-Ekaristi njengokudla kwensindiso, angeke, ngokuwela esonweni esibi nakakhulu bese singakhulumisani, ligodlwe eSinkweni sasezulwini, futhi bahlukaniswe noMzimba kaKristu. … Yena uqobo uyasixwayisa, ethi, “Ngaphandle kokuba nidle inyama yeNdodana yomuntu futhi niphuze igazi layo, ngeke ube nokuphila kuwe” (UJohane 6:54) (Umthandazo WeNkosi 18).

  1. Igazi lewundlu lePhasika lalingashiswa. Empeleni, kwakungavunyelwe ukuba u-Israyeli adle igazi lanoma yisiphi isilwane, njengoba igazi lalimelela amandla okuphila esilwane, okwakungokukaNkulunkulu yedwa (bheka uGenesise, 9:4, kanye noLevitikusi, 7:26). Ngokuphambene, kuMthendeleko, UNkulunkulu ufisa ukwabelana ngeGazi laKhe, Impilo Yakhe impela, nathi ukuze sondle ngokwesakramente. Kulesi Siphiwo esingakhulumekiyo siba nyamanye negazi, umoya munye, noNkulunkulu (bheka iVangeli likaJohane 6:56-57 kanye neNcwadi yeSambulo, 3:20).
  2. UJesu usebenzisa ulimi olungokomfanekiso ebhekise Kuye kwenye indawo encwadini kaJohane Ivangeli, ezibiza ngo “mnyango” kanye “nomvini," Ngokwesibonelo (10:7 futhi 15:5, ngokulandelana). Kulezi ezinye izimo, nokho, Akasebenzisi cishe ukugcizelela okufanayo emazwini Akhe nawenza kuwo UJohane 6, lapho Aziphinda khona kaningi ngokucaca okwandayo. Futhi lezi ezinye izisho azifaki impikiswano phakathi kwabalaleli ngendlela amazwi Akhe angena ngayo UJohane 6 yenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMvangeli uJohane uyasazisa ukuthi uJesu ukhuluma ngomfanekiso UJohane 10:6, into angayenzi esahlukweni sesithupha.

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