Abangewona amaKhatholika bavame ukuthatha ukulahla kweNkosi imikhuba eyonakele yababhali nabaFarisi njengokulahlwa okugcwele kuwo wonke amasiko. (bona Mathewu 15:3 noma Maka 7:8).
Nokho, UJesu naye wathi, “Ababhali nabaFarisi bahlezi esihlalweni sikaMose; ngakho-ke zenzeni futhi nigcine noma yini abanitshela yona, kodwa hhayi lokho abakwenzayo; ngoba bayatshumayela, kodwa ungakwenzi” (Mathewu 23:2 – 3).
Ngokufanayo, St.Paul, owalahla “isiko labantu” lemfihlakalo yobuqaba (bheka eyakhe Incwadi eya kwabaseKolose 2:8), wabhala encwadini yakhe yokuqala eya kwabaseKorinte (11:2), “Ngiyanibonga, ngokuba ningikhumbula kukho konke, nigcina amasiko, njengalokho nganinika wona.”
Ithiyori Eziphikisayo
Ngokusobala, bese, akulona isiko njengoba per okulahlwa ngumbhalo, kodwa isiko eliphambene lemfundiso yabaPhostoli. Qaphela ukuthi ubuKatolika buhlukanisa phakathi kweSiko Elingcwele (noma imfundiso), okuyinto engenaphutha futhi njalo, namasiko amancane (noma iziyalo), okungashintshwa noma kuyekwe ukuhambisana nezidingo zesikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zihlukaniswa ngokuthi “I-Big-T” futhi “kancane-t” amasiko. Lawo masiko ababhali nabaFarisi uJesu awalahlayo ayengawakamuva. Kwakuyimikhuba okwakumelwe iyekwe ngoba yayiphoqelela abantu ukuba “baphule umyalo kaNkulunkulu” (bona Mathewu 15:3, futhi).
Abaningi abangewona amaKhatholika babona iBhayibheli njengeliwukuphela kwegunya lamaKristu. Nokho, uma, ngempela, iBhayibheli lalihloselwe ukuba kube ukuphela kwegunya, khona-ke leso simemezelo noma igunya kufanele libhalwe eBhayibhelini! Ayitholakali yini!
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumaKhatholika, lokho kwenza umqondo iBhayibheli kuphela, ngaphandle kwesiko nangokwezinqumo zayo, uqobo nje"isiko yamadoda” (Maka 7:8). Ukuze kucace, uma izikhundla zabo kuwukuchitha isiko ngoba uJesu uyalahla ezithile amasiko ebhayibhelini bese wencika ebhayibhelini kuphela, khona-ke umuntu angathemba ukuthi imfundiso izoba sebhayibhelini. Ngoba akunjalo, umkhuba uwusiko, uqobo–indlela yokuziphatha efanayo naleyo umuntu azama ukuyigwema. Kubheke njengokuyindida, ukuphikisana, noma i-oxymoron uma uthanda.
Iyahluleka Ngempela, futhi
Ngokunjalo, akunangqondo ngokombono ongokoqobo ukuthi uNkulunkulu wayehloselwe ukuba imiBhalo kube ukuphela kwegunya ngoba iZwi elilotshiwe lahlala lingafinyeleleki emakholweni amaningi amakhulu eminyaka okuqala eNkathi YobuKristu.–Empeleni, isikhathi esingaphezu kwenkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka.
Empeleni, kwahlala kungenakwenzeka kumKristu ovamile ngaphambi kwe 16th ekhulwini ukuze bathole ikhophi yomunye wemiBhalo, ingasaphathwa isethi egcwele. Njengoba uKevin Orlin Johnson echaza, ngenxa yezindleko ezinkulu nomzamo owenziwe ekukhiqizweni kwencwadi, amaBhayibheli amaBandla ayewahlinzekela ukuthi asetshenziswe umphakathi
“Siboshwe ngamaketanga ngendlela esenza ngayo ama-directory ezingcingo zomphakathi manje, futhi ngezizathu ezifanayo: ukuze wonke umuntu akwazi ukusebenzisa (bona) futhi akekho owayengantshontsha (bona). … Khumbula ukuthi iBhayibheli elisha lingabiza umphakathi cishe njengendlu yesonto entsha, futhi incwadi eqediwe yayibiza kalula i-manor. Izincwadi zeNkathi Ephakathi zazibhalwa esikhunjeni noma esikhumbeni (ezenziwe ngezikhumba zezimvu noma zezinkomo) kanye nezinhlamvu, gilded, futhi ekhanyiswa ngesandla. IBhayibheli eliphelele lathatha cishe izilwane ezingamakhulu amane neminyaka yokusebenza ngababhali nabadwebi abaningi” (Kungani AmaKatolika Ekwenza Lokho?, I-New York, 1995, p. 24-25, n.).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqwaba yezinye izincwadi ezithi zabhalwa ngabaphostoli zabhalwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi kwakukhona ukungaboni ngaso linye emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka okuthi yiziphi izincwadi okwakungezabo ngempela eBhayibhelini.. Ngempela, abanye oFata baphikisana ngezinga elithile ngalolu daba. Kufanele kukhunjulwe, nokho, ukuthi kuphela ngazwilinye imvume yoBaba endabeni yokholo nokuziphatha ithathwa njengengenaphutha; ngabanye, bangakwazi futhi benze iphutha.
Empeleni, uhlu lokuqala oluqinisekile lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli, noma i ICanon yeBhayibheli (kusukela esiGrekini, kanon, okusho ukuthi “umthetho”), ekugcineni yasungulwa nguMkhandlu waseRoma ngo 382, ngaphansi kwegunya likaPapa uSaint Damasus. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho eminye imikhandlu yendawo emibili, Imvubu (393) kanye ne-Third Carthage (397), wasisekela isinqumo, njengoba kwenza yonke imikhandlu eyalandela phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Umuntu Angakufunda Kanjani Okungakabhalwa?
Akuzange nje kuthathe cishe 400 iminyaka eyikhulu ukuze amaKristu avumelane ngokwakhiwa kweBhayibheli, kodwa izincwadi zokugcina zeTestamente Elisha azibhalwanga kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwekhulu lokuqala leminyaka! Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe izizukulwane ezimbili ezigcwele zamaKristu zaziphila futhi zikhulekela ngaphambi kokuba kubhalwe iBhayibheli!
Lithini IBhayibheli?
Kunokuhunyushwa okuhlukahlukene kulo lonke iTestamente Elisha eqinisweni lokuthi ingxenye yeVangeli ayizange izinikele ekulotshweni. Ngokwesibonelo, UJesu wathi esidlweni sokucina, “Kuningi engizokutshela kona, kodwa ungekubekezelele khathesi. Lapho uMoya weqiniso ufika, uzoniholela kulo lonke iqiniso” (UJohane 16:12-13).
Njengoba uLuka oNgcwele akuloba encwadini IzEnzo ZabaPhostoli 1:3, iNkosi yachitha izinsuku ezingamashumi amane emva kokuvuka Kwayo ifundisa abaPhostoli ngasese ngezindaba eziphathelene neBandla, noma “ekhuluma ngombuso kaNkulunkulu,” nokho lokho Akusho kubo akulotshwanga.1
UPawuli oNgcwele wabhala kweyakhe Incwadi Yokuqala KwabaseKorinte (11:34), ukuthi kukhona “ezinye izinto” ayethanda ukuzisho mathupha kunokuba azibhale phansi, naseNcwadini yakhe yokuQala eya kwabaseThesalonika 4.2, waphawula, “Niyayazi imiyalo esaninika yona ngeNkosi uJesu.” Ngokusobala, asinandlela yokwazi ukuthi yayiyini le miyalo ngoba uPawulu akazange ayibhale phansi!
UJohane oNgcwele waphawula kanjalo encwadini, “Nakuba nginokuningi engizonibhalela kona, Ngincamela ukungasebenzisi iphepha noyinki, kodwa ngiyethemba ukuza ukunibona, ngikhulume nani ubuso nobuso, ukuze ukuthokoza kwethu kuphelele” (Bona uJohane Incwadi Yesibili 1:12 kanye neyakhe Incwadi Yesithathu 1:13-14).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi iZwi likaNkulunkulu lalethwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezinegunya elifanayo—Isiko Labaphostoli NemiBhalo Engcwele—kufakazelwa uPawulu., ngubani kweyakhe Incwadi Yesibili KwabaseThesalonika uyala abazalwane ukuba “nime niqine, nibambelele emasikweni enawafundiswa yithi, kungaba ngomlomo noma ngencwadi” (2:15; omalukeke bangeziwe). UPawulu uqhubeka eluleka abathembekile ukuba ‘baxwaye noma yimuphi umzalwane ohamba ngokuvilapha futhi engahambisani nesiko enalamukela. kusuka kithi” (3:6).
Akukhona nje ukuthi ezinye zezimfundiso zabaPhostoli zadluliselwa ngaphandle kwemiBhalo, kodwa ababhali beTestamente Elisha njalo babhekisela emasikweni nemibhalo engaphezu kweBhayibheli. Isisho, “Uyobizwa ngokuthi umNazaretha," Ngokwesibonelo, lokho uMathewu oNgcwele (2:23) izimfanelo “zabaprofethi,” ayitholakali eTestamenteni Elidala. UPawulu oNgcwele ubhekisela esikweni lamaJuda elidluliselwa ngomlomo encwadini yakhe Incwadi Yokuqala KwabaseKorinte 10:24, lapho ekhuluma ngedwala elalilandela ama-Israyeli ehlane, kanye neyakhe Incwadi yesibili kuThimothewu 3:8, nalapho ekhuluma ngoJane noJambre abamelana noMose.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, UJude ongcwele ubhekisela ezincwadini ezimbili ze-apocrypha, i Ukucabangela kukaMose futhi Okokuqala u-Enoke encwadini yakhe (1:9, 14).
AbaPhostoli bakhetha abazongena esikhundleni—ababhishobhi, abaphathi, namadikoni—abanikela kubo iDiphozithi Yokukholwa. UPawulu uyala uThimothewu oNgcwele encwadini yakhe Incwadi Yesibili (1:13-14; 2:1-2) kuyena, “Landelani isibonelo samazwi aphilileyo owazwileyo kimi, ekukholweni nasethandweni olukuKristu Jesu; gcina iqiniso oliphathisiwe nguMoya oNgcwele ohlezi phakathi kwethu. … Wena-ke, umfana wami, qinani emuseni okuKristu Jesu, nalokho okuzwile kimi phambi kofakazi abaningi ukuphathise abantu abathembekileyo abazakuba namandla okufundisa nabanye.”
Ngempela, iTestamente Elisha ligcizelela Ukulandelana Kwabaphostoli (bona IzEnzo ZabaPhostoli 1:20; 14:23; OkaPawulu Incwadi yokuqala kuThimothewu 4:14; OkaPawulu Incwadi eya kuThithu 1:5; Eksodusi 18:25) ifakazela ukuthi ubuKristu ekuqaleni babungeyona inkolo yeBhayibheli kuphela; ngoba uba bekukhona, khona-ke igunya labaholi bayo ekugcineni lalingeke libe namsebenzi ngoba ukuqonda iqiniso kwakuyohlala enhliziyweni nasezandleni zekholwa ngalinye.. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, bekungeke kube khona indlela yokuthi amakholwa aziswe ngeZwi Elihle!
- I Incwadi eya kubaPhostoli, isivumokholo sokuqala esisukela maphakathi nekhulu lesibili leminyaka, kuhloswe ukuba kube isifinyezo sezimfundiso uJesu azidalula kubaPhostoli emva kokuvuka kwabafileyo.. Kuyafundeka, “KuBaba, uMbusi Womhlaba Wonke, Futhi kuJesu Kristu, uMhlengi wethu, NgoMoya oNgcwele, iParaclete, EBandleni Elingcwele, Nasekuthethelelweni Kwezono” (UJohn H. Leith, ed., Izivumokholo Zamabandla: Umfundi Wezimfundiso ZobuKristu kusukela eBhayibhelini kuze kube manje (Louisville: UJohn Knox Cindezela, 1982), p. 17. ↩