Husingaperi Humhandara hwaMaria

Sei maCatholic achitenda kuti Maria akaramba ari mhandara, Bhaibheri parinoti Jesu aiva nevanun’una nehanzvadzi?

Uye, sei humhandara hwaMary hwakakosha kuvaKatorike?

Mhinduro iri nyore ndeyekuti: MaKatorike anotenda kuti Maria akaramba ari mhandara muhupenyu hwake hwose nekuti ichokwadi. Idzidziso inoziviswa neChechi yaKristu, “mbiru nenheyo yechokwadi” (ona yaPauro Tsamba Yokutanga kuna Timotio 3:15); zvinoratidzwa kubudikidza neTsika Inoyera; uye maererano neMagwaro Matsvene (ona yaPauro Tsamba yechipiri kuvaTesaronika 2:15).

Saka, Makatorike anotenda kuti “hama nehanzvadzi dzaShe” dzinotaurwa muBhaibheri dzaiva hukama hwepedyo hwaJesu, asi kwete vanin'ina (sezvatichatsanangura zvakadzama pazasi).

Pakupedzisira, uye zvakanyanya, Humhandara hwaMaria Husingaperi hwakakosha kuchiKristu nekuda kwezvahunotsigira nezvaJesu. Pakupedzisira, kutenda uku kunonongedzera kuhutsvene hwaKristu uye nekusaenzana kweKuva Munhu: kuita kwaMwari kuva munhu.

Muprofita Ezekieri akazivisa muchinda wacho “achabuda, kana abuda suwo richapfigwa” (maona Ezekieri 46:12), uye Chechi inonzwisisa kuti izvi zvinoreva kuzvarwa kwaKristu uye umhandara hwaMariya kweupenyu hwose (ona Mutsvene Ambrose, Kutsaurwa kweMhandara 8:52). Saka, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti Mariya achengete umhandara hwake pashure pokuberekwa kwaJesu nokuda kwezvaari: Mwari ari muchimiro chemunhu!

Maererano neMagwaro, munhu angafunga nezvenyaya yaMosesi negwenzi raipfuta moto. Mosesi paakaswedera pedyo negwenzi, Ishe akati, “Usaswedera pedyo; bvisa shangu dzako patsoka dzako, nokuti nzvimbo yaumire pairi ivhu dzvene” (Ekisodho 3:5).

Nyaya iyi inotibatsira kunzwisisa Humhandara hwaMariya husingagumi nenzira mbiri.

Chekutanga, tinoona kuti pasi rakacheneswa nekuti huvepo hwaShe hwakanga hwadzika ipapo. Hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti Mwari mumwe chete uyu, iye akazviratidza kuna Mozisi mugwenzi raipfuta, akaitwa mudumbu raMaria.

Saka, zvingava zvakakodzera kutaura kuti iye, senzvimbo tsvene iyoyo Ekisodho, vaifanira kucheneswa, zvakanyatsogadzirirwa, ndizvo, kuti vagamuchire Mambo wamadzimambo naShe wamadzishe.

Chepiri, Madzibaba eChechi akaona mufananidzo wegwenzi raipfuta pacharo–gwenzi rinopfuta, asi isati yapedzwa–sedimikira rekusununguka kwaMaria asina kubvisa humhandara hwake. Semuyenzaniso, muzana remakore rechina, Gregory weNyssa akanyora, “Izvo zvakafanofananidzirwa panguva iyoyo mumurazvo wegwenzi zvakaratidzwa pachena mune chakavanzika cheMhandara.. … Sepagomo gwenzi rakapfuta asi harina kutsva, saka Mhandara yakabereka chiedza uye haina kusvibiswa” (Pakuzvarwa kwaKristu).

Chaizvoizvo, Humhandara hwaMaria Husingaperi hunozivisa pasirese kuti nekuti Kristu aive mutsvene–Mwari pachaKe–kwaizova kusina kufanira kuti Iye akaumbwa mudumbu romukadziwo zvake; uye, saizvozvo, kuti vatadzi vabude mudumbu rimwe chete iye shure kwake–dumbu rakanyatsogadzirirwa kubereka Mesiya. Zvakare, funga nezvaEzekieri, “[Muchinda] achabuda, kana abuda suwo richapfigwa.”

Umhandara hwaMaria panguva yokuzvarwa kwaShe hunoratidzirwa nomuprofita Isaya, who says, “Tarirai, mhandara ichava napamuviri, ndokubereka mwanakomana, uye achatumidza zita rake kuti Emanueri” (7:14; maona Mateu 1:23 uye Ruka 1:27). Isaya, shure kwezvose, anosimbisa humhandara hwake pakunamba uye mukubereka. Uyezve. Mhinduro yaMaria, kuchiziviso cheMutumwa Mukuru achabata pamuviri obereka Mwanakomana–“Izvi zvingaita sei ini handizivi murume?” (Ruka 1:34)–zvinonyatsoratidza kuti akanga ari mhandara. Zvaakaita hazvina musoro.

Kugara kwake kwemhandara kunoratidzwa mu Rwiyo rwaSoromoni, iyo inoti, “Bindu rakakiiwa hanzvadzi yangu, mwenga wangu, tsime rakavharwa” (4:12).

Tinozvinzwisisa sei izvi tichipiwa chokwadi chokuti iye naJosefa vakanga vapfimbwa uye vakazoroorana? Pane tsika yekare inotaura kuti Maria akatsaurirwa kuna Ishe semhandara yakatsaurwa kubva paucheche; uye kuti paakanga akura akaiswa kuna Josefa, murume akafirwa mukuru kwaari (cf. Protoevangelium yaJames).

Pfungwa yekuchena mukati mewanano mune mamwe mamiriro ndeye, zvirokwazvo, pfungwa yeBhaibheri. Semuyenzaniso, muBhuku Rokutanga raMadzimambo 1:4, Mambo Dhavhidhi anotora musikana, Abhishagi, kuti ave mudzimai wake wokumuchengeta paukweguru hwake, asi anorega kurara naye.

Uyezve, muTsamba yake Yokutanga kuvaKorinde, Pauro akarumbidza mugariro wokusaroora wakatsaurwa kana kuti kupfimbana kusingagumi kuna avo vanogona kuchigamuchira (maona 7:37-38).

Zvakajeka, muchiedza chokudana kwake kuti abereke Mwanakomana waMwari, Kuroorana kwaMariya naJosefa kwakanga kusiri kwenguva dzose. Yakagadzwa naMwari kuti ichengete uye kuchengetedza Mhandara neMwanakomana Wake–kuchengeta Kuberekwa kwakavanzwa kubva kunyika kwenguva. “Humhandara hwaMaria, pakubereka kwake, uyewo rufu rwaShe, zvakavanzirwa muchinda wenyika ino,” akanyora Ignatius weAndiyoki, mudzidzi waApostora Johane, mukati megore 107: “–zvakavanzika zvitatu zvinoparidzwa nenzwi guru, asi akaita mukunyarara kwaMwari” (Tsamba kuvaEfeso 19:1).

In Mateu 1:19, Magwaro Matsvene anotiudza kuti Jospeh aiva “murume akarurama.” Saka, akanzwa kuti Maria akanga ava nemimba nomumwe, akasarudza kumuramba chinyararire kuti asaurayiwa noMutemo waMosesi (sezvazvakaita Dhuteronomi 22:23-24).

Ishe vakapindira, kunyange zvakadaro, achimuudza nomutumwa muchiroto, “Usatya kutora Maria mukadzi wako, nokuti icho chaakagamuchira ndecheMweya Mutsvene; achabereka mwanakomana, uye uchatumidza zita rake kuti Jesu, nokuti uchaponesa vanhu vake pazvivi zvavo” (Mateu 1:20).

Josefa angadai asina kutora mashoko aya seanoreva, kunyange zvakadaro, kuti Mariya aizova mudzimai wake mupfungwawo zvayo yeshoko racho. Sezvakanyorwa naSaint Ambrose wekuMilan,

“Uyewo hapana mutsauko unotaurwa neMagwaro: ‘Josefa akatora mudzimai wake akaenda kuIjipiti’ (Mat. 1:24; 2:14); nokuti mukadzi akawanikwa nomurume anofanira kutumidzwa zita romukadzi;. Kubva panguva iyo muchato unotanga ndipo izwi rewanano rinoshandiswa. Hakusi kubviswa kwehumhandara kunoita muchato, asi chibvumirano chewanano. Musikana ndipo paanogamuchira joko ndipo panotanga muchato, kwete kana asvika pakuziva murume wake panyama” (Kugadzwa kweMhandara uye Husingaperi Humhandara hwaMaria 6:41).

Kuti akabereka Mwanakomana waMwari kwakamuita kutanga mukwanyina weMweya Mutsvene (pa Ruka 1:35); uye Josefa airambidzwa muMutemo kuroorana nomukwanyina womumwe.

Zvakadini ne “hama nehanzvadzi dzaShe?”

Chekutanga, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti pane ngozi pakutaura mavhesi kubva muRugwaro kubva muchirevo cheRugwaro rwose.. Idi rokuti Jesu anoronzesa Maria kumupostori Johane, semuyenzaniso, chiratidzo chakasimba Akanga asina vanin'ina vake chaivo (maona Johani 19:27). Nekuti dai Maria aive nevamwe vana, Jesu angadai asina kukumbira mumwe munhu kunze kwemhuri kuti amutarisire. (Nharo inopokana neizvi kuwana tsigiro mumapoka eEvangelical ipfungwa yekuti Jesu akapa Mariya kuna Johane nekuti Jakobho nemumwe waIshe. “hama” vakanga vasati vava vaKristu. Asi nharo iyi ine simba. Kana zviri izvo, munhu angatarisira kuti Evhangeri dzipe tsananguro yeizvi. Nyaya yekuti Jesu anopa Mariya kuna Johane pasina tsananguro inoratidza kuti Mariya akanga asina mumwe mwana.)

Sei, zvino, tinofanira kududzira mavhesi akadai Mateu 13:55, umo vanhu vari muchaunga vanotaura, “Haasi mwanakomana wemuvezi here uyu? Ko Maria haazivikanwe kuti ndiamai vake naJames, Joseph, Simoni naJudhasi vakoma vake? Hanzvadzi dzake hadzisi vavakidzani vedu here?”

Chinzvimbo cheKatorike chekuti ava “hama” uye “hanzvadzi” vaiva hama dzepedyo, vakadai sehama, asi kwete vanin'ina, inobvumirana netsika yechiJudha yekare yokudana hama yomunhu “hanzvadzi konama” (pa Genesis 13:8; 14:14; 29:15, et al.). Sezvakanyorwa naPope John Paul the Great, “Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti hapana shoko chairo riripo muchiHebheru nechiAramaic kuti ribudise shoko rokuti ‘hama’., uye kuti izwi rokuti 'hama’ uye ‘sisi’ saka zvaisanganisira madhigirii akati wandei ehukama.”¹

Uyezve, zvinoratidzwa kumwewo mukati Mateu kuti “James naJosefa” vakanga vari vanakomana vomumwe Maria, uyo akamira nevamwe vakadzi pasi peMuchinjikwa uye akaperekedza Maria Magadharini kuguva mangwanani eIsita (27:55-56; 28:1).

Uyu mumwe Mariya anowanzodavirwa kuva mudzimai waKropasi, uyo angave aiva sekuru vaJesu (maona Johani 19:25; onawo Eusebius, Nhoroondo yeChechi 3:11).² Zviri kutaura, zvimwe, kuti zvaIshe “hama” MuMagwaro hapana paanombonzi vanakomana vaMariya, sokudanwa kunowanzoitwa Jesu (maona Mateu 13:55; Mark 6:3, et al.).

Kune mamwe maviri mavhesi eEvhangeri anowanzo taurwa nevashori veMhandara yaMaria: Mateu 1:25 uye Ruka 2:7.

Mateu 1:25 anodaro Joseph “haana kumbovata naye panguva ipi zvayo asati abereka mwanakomana.” Sezvo Ludwig Ott akatsanangura mukati Nheyo dzeKatorike Dogma, kunyange zvakadaro, ndima iyi “assert(s) kuti kusvika pane imwe nguva muchato hauna kupedzwa, asi kwete neimwe nzira kuti yakapedzwa shure kwaizvozvi” (Tan Books, 1960, p. 207). Chinangwa che Mateu 1:25 kwaiva kutaura kuti Jesu akanga asina baba vepanyika, uye akanga ari Mwanakomana waMwari zvechokwadi. Zvaisareva kutaura chero chinhu nezvehukama hwaJosefa naMaria mushure maJesu’ kuberekwa. Funga nezve Bhuku rechipiri raSamueri 6:23, iyo inoti Maria “akanga asina mwana kusvikira pazuva rokufa kwake.” Zviri pachena, izvi hazvirevi kuti aiva nemwana pashure rufu rwake. In Mateu 28:20, Jesu anovimbisa kuva nevateveri vake “kusvikira pakuguma kwenguva.” Zvakare, izvi hazvirevi kuti Acharega kuva navo kupfuura nguva iyoyo.

In Ruka 2:7, Jesu anonzi waMariya “dangwe.” Zvisinei, sokutsanangura kwakaita Pope John Paul:

“Izwi rokuti 'dangwe,’ chaizvoizvo zvinoreva ‘mwana asina kutangirwa nomumwe’ uye, mazviri, haatauri nezvekuvapo kwevamwe vana. Uyezve, Muvhangeri anosimbisa hunhu hweMwana uyu, sezvo mimwe misengwa yaienderana nomutemo wechiJudha yaibatanidza kuberekwa kwedangwe, pasina kuti amai vangave vakabereka vamwe vana here. Saka mwanakomana wega wega aive pasi pemirairo iyi nekuti aive ‘akaberekwa kutanga’ (cf. Ruka 2:23)” (“The Church Presents Mary as ‘Ever Virgin’”)

Michael O'Carroll, zvimwe, yakashuma, “Chinyorwa chekuvigwa kwemaJuda muEgypt, kubva muzana remakore rokutanga, … inobatsira kupindura kupokana kusingapere umhandara kwaMaria kwakavakirwa paSt. Kushandisa kwaRuka izwi rekuti ‘dangwe’ (prototokos) (2:7). Kuti shoko rakanga risingarevi vamwe vana kunoratidzwa nekushandiswa kwaro munyaya iyi kurondedzera mukadzi akafa mushure mekusununguka kwemwana wake wekutanga., avo vangadai vasina pachena kuti vaiva nevamwe” (Theotokos: A Theological Encyclopedia yeMhandara Yakaropafadzwa Mariya, Michael Glazier, 1982, p. 49).

Zvakataurwa neMadzibaba eChechi?

Sezvo mativi ese ari maviri mukukakavadzana pamusoro peUmhandara Husingaperi hwaMaria, pro uye con, ita nharo dzemagwaro kutsigira pfungwa yavo, tingaziva sei kuti ndiani akarurama? Ndiani ari kududzira Magwaro nemazvo, nenzira yechokwadi yechipostora?

Imwe nzira yokupa nayo tsigiro ndeyokunzvera manyoro ekare enhau echiKristu, anowanzozivikanwa sezvinyorwa zveMadzibaba eChechi Okutanga.

Clement weAlexandria, semuyenzaniso, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechitatu akanyora, “Mai ava vega vaive vasina mukaka, nekuti iye oga haana kuva mukadzi. Pakarepo vari Mhandara naAmai” (Murayiridzi Wevana 1:6:42:1).

Mudzidzi waClement, Origen, mumakumi emakore okutanga ezana remakore iroro, akasimbisa kuti Maria “vakanga vasina mumwe mwanakomana kunze kwaJesu” (Mhinduro pamusoro paJohani 1:6). Kumwewo, akanyora, “Uye ndinofunga zvinoenderana nechikonzero chekuti Jesu aive chibereko chekutanga pakati pevarume chekuchena kunosanganisira kuchena., naMaria akanga ari pakati pavakadzi; nekuti kwakanga kusine umwari kupa mumwe kunze kwake chibereko chekutanga choumhandara” (Mhinduro pamusoro paMateo 2:17).

Pamwe chete nekumurumbidza kwakanyanyisa, Athanasius (d. 373) akatsanangura Maria achiti “Ever-Virgin” (Hurukuro Dzinopesana neVaArian 2:70).

In about 375, Epiphanius akaita nharo, “Ko pakambove nemumwe here werudzi rwupi zvarwo akashinga kutaura zita raMaria Mutsvene, uye achibvunzwa, haana pakarepo kuwedzera, ‘Mhandara?'” (Panarion 78:6).

“Chokwadi,” akanyora Pope Siricius mukati 392, “hatingarambe kuti Kuremekedza Kwenyu kwakaruramiswa zvakakwana mukumutsiura pazvibodzwa zvevana vaMaria, uye kuti waiva nechikonzero chakanaka chokuvhundutswa nokufunga kuti kumwe kuberekwa kungabuda mudumbu remhandara iro Kristu akaberekwa panyama.” (Tsamba kuna Anysius, Bhishopi weTesaronika).

Ambrose akatsinhira mukati 396, “Mutevedzere, vanamai vatsvene, uyo muMwanakomana wake anodiwa mumwe oga akagadza muenzaniso mukuru kwazvo wokunaka kwezvinhu; nekuti hamuna vana vanonaka, uyewo Mhandara haina kutsvaka nyaradzo yokukwanisa kubereka mumwe mwanakomana” (Tsamba 63:111).

Augustine weHippo (d. 430) akataura, “Mhandara iri kubata pamuviri, Mhandara inobereka, Mhandara ine pamuviri, Mhandara inobereka, Mhandara nokusingaperi. Sei uchishamisika nazvo, Omani? Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti Mwari aberekwe saizvozvo, paakava murume” (Mharidzo 186:1).

Papa Leo Mukuru akazivisa mukati 449, “Akave nemimba yeMweya Mutsvene mukati memimba yaMai Vake Mhandara. Akamubudisa pasina kurasikirwa noumhandara, kunyange sezvaakamutora asina kurasikirwa nazvo” (Kwandiri 28). Kumwewo Pontiff akanyora, “Nokuti Mhandara yakabatwa pamuviri, kuzvara Mhandara, akasara ari Mhandara” (Mharidzo paMutambo weKuzvarwa kwaJesu 22:2).

Saka, tinowana here kuenderera kwenhoroondo yedzidziso iyi kubva kumakore ekutanga ekutenda kusvika nhasi.

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