Wanene Paparoma?
Me ya sa shi ne shugaban Cocin Kristi a duniya, kuma daga ina ikonsa yake samu?
Paparoma na yanzu, Paparoma Benedict XVI, kamar kowane Paparoma a gabansa, ne kai tsaye magajin na farko Paparoma, Saint Peter, wanda shine Bishop na farko na Roma.
Saint Bitrus ya karɓi ikonsa ya jagoranci Ikilisiya kai tsaye daga wurin Yesu.
Daga cikin yawancin mu’amalarsa da Yesu, An tuna da Bitrus don musanyarsa da Kristi a hanyar Kaisariya Filibi, rubuce a cikin Bisharar Matiyu (Babi 16).
Lokacin da Yesu ya tambayi Almajiran, “Wa kuke cewa ni ne?”, Bitrus ya amsa musu, amsawa, “Kai ne Almasihu, Dan Allah mai rai” (16:15-16). Bi da bi, Yesu ya ce masa, “Albarka gare ku, Simon Bar-Jona! Domin nama da jini ba su bayyana muku wannan ba, amma Ubana wanda ke cikin sama” (17).
Tambayar Yesu’ Bitrus ya ba da cikakken amsa ga mabiyansa tare da taimakon Allah. Yesu ya ci gaba da cewa,
“Kuma ina gaya muku, kai ne Bitrus, A kan wannan dutsen kuma zan gina cocina, kuma ikon mutuwa ba zai rinjaye ta ba. Zan ba ku mabuɗin daular sama, Kuma abin da kuka daure a cikin ƙasa, to, a daure a cikin sama, Kuma abin da kuka sako a duniya, za a sake shi a sama” (18-19).
Wannan sashe yana ba da babbar hujjar Littafi Mai-Tsarki don kasancewar Bitrus a cikin Manzanni. Bishops Katolika na yau su ne zuriyar manzanni na ruhaniya. Bishop na Roma (ko kuma Paparoma) shine magajin Bitrus. Yana riƙe da matsayin Bitrus a cikin bishop.
Sunan “Bitrus” ya fito daga kalmar Aramaic Amma (ko Cefas), ma'ana “Rock.” Yesu ya zaɓi ya ba Manzo Saminu wannan sabon suna a Kaisariya Filibi don dalilai na alama. Bambance-bambancen yanayin yankin shine babban fitowar dutse, wanda a wancan lokacin rugujewar haikalin arna ya tsaya. A nan ne Yesu ya zaɓi ya shelanta shirinsa na gina sabuwar Coci akan Bitrus wanda ba zai kai ga wucewar lokaci ba..
I mana, wannan sashe ba ko da yaushe ya rushe bangaskiyarmu ga Kristi a matsayin tushen tushen Ikilisiya na gaskiya (gani Wasika ta Farko zuwa ga Korintiyawa 3:11). Yesu ba ya nufin ya nuna cewa Bitrus zai yi ko ta yaya maye gurbin Shi a matsayin Dutsen Ikilisiya, amma kawai zai yi wakiltar Shi kamar haka. Kamar yadda Saint Francis de Sales ya sanya,
Ko da yake [Bitrus] ya kasance dutse, duk da haka bai kasance ba da dutse; gama Almasihu shine dutsen da ba ya motsi, amma Bitrus saboda dutsen. Kristi da gaske yana ba da ikonsa ga wasu, duk da haka ya ba su bai rasa su da kansa ba, ya rike su duk da haka. Shi dutse ne, Ya yi dutse; menene nasa, yana magana da bayinsa (Rigingimu).
Haka yake da Yesu’ alkawarin ba Bitrus mabuɗan mulkin sama. Kristi shine Sarkin sama, Kuma mabuɗan nasa ne kawai (Littafin Wahayi, 3:7).
A cikin ba da makullin ga Bitrus, Yesu yana maganar al’adar Dauda da sarkin ya yi, bayan barin garin, zai nada mai kula da masarauta idan ba ya nan, ta bashi makullin kofarta (gani Ishaya 22:22). A ciki Matiyu 16:19, Almasihu Sarki ya nada wakilinsa, Bitrus, don kula da Coci, Mulkinsa a duniya, cikin rashinsa.
Sharuɗɗan “daure” kuma “sako-sako” a cikin abin da ke sama ya nuna cewa ikon da aka bai wa Bitrus ya bayyana wasu abubuwa da suka halatta ko kuma aka haramta ga masu aminci na duniya. Shawarar Bitrus a kan waɗannan batutuwa, haka ma, za a tabbatar a cikin sama. Idan Allah zai tabbatar da hukuncin Bitrus, mai zunubi, to a fili dole ne a bai wa Bitrus alheri na musamman don hana shi ba da umarni da suka saba wa nufin Allah. Wannan rigakafin rigakafin shine rashin kuskure.
The Church koyar da cewa Paparoma, a matsayin magajin Bitrus, yana riƙe da wannan rashin kuskure.
Wannan ba da'awar cewa Paparoma ba shi da zunubi -rashin kuskure ba shi da alaka da hali, a gaskiya— Maimakon haka imani ne cewa sa’ad da yake koyarwa a kan batun bangaskiya da ɗabi’a, Ruhu Mai Tsarki zai kiyaye shi daga koyarwar kuskure..
Rashin kuskure ba ya nufin duk abin da Paparoma ya faɗa ko ya rubuta ba tare da kuskure ba, amma kawai abubuwan da aka fada daga karagar mulki (Latin, “daga kujera”). Daga karagar mulki yana nufin Kujerar Bitrus, wato, zuwa wurin zama na ikon manzanni. Manufar kujera ta farko ta fito ne daga Tsohon Alkawali, Musa ya zauna a cikin shari'ar jama'a, sasanta rigingimun addini (gani Littafin Fitowa 18:13).
Musa’ hukuma, kuma, an mika shi ta hanyar jerin magadan. Wurin zama na Musa ya kasance yana aiki har lokacin Almasihu, kamar Yesu, Kansa, yace, “Malaman Attaura da Farisawa sun zauna a kan Musa’ wurin zama; Don haka ku yi aiki kuma ku kiyaye duk abin da suka gaya muku, amma ba abin da suke yi ba; domin suna wa'azi, amma kada ku yi aiki” (Matiyu 23:1-3). Bitrus da Paparoma sun cika irin wannan matsayi a Sabon Alkawari, yin hidima a matsayin wakilin Kristi na duniya wanda ta wurinsa ne Allah yake magana da mutane don su warware rigingimu na addini kuma su kasance da haɗin kai tsakanin masu aminci.
Ana ganin wannan matsayi na musamman a cikin labarin Littafi Mai Tsarki na ayyukan Bitrus a Majalisar Urushalima, inda aka kira manzanni su yanke shawara ko ana buƙatar bin Dokar Musa don ceto ko a'a. Bitrus ne ya kawo karshen takaddamar, koyar da majami'u a kan koyarwa (gani Ayyukan Manzanni, 15:7). Magadansa sun kiyaye wannan matsayi a cikin Ikilisiya a tsawon shekaru.
Abin sha'awa, wadanda suka yi watsi da matsayin Paparoma sun fuskanci rudani na koyarwa da ci gaba (da kuma hanzari) rarraba, wanda ke nuni da fashewar wadanda ba Katolika ba, Mazhabobin Kirista.
Nassosi na Tarihi na Kirista na Farko zuwa Papacy:
Paparoma Saint Clement I, na hudu Bishop na Roma, Wasika zuwa ga Korintiyawa, da AD 96:
Ka karɓi shawararmu ba za ka sami abin da za ka yi nadama ba. … Idan wani ya ƙi bin abin da aka faɗa (i.e, Allah) ta hanyar mu (i.e, Cocin Roma), su sani cewa za su shigar da kansu cikin zalunci ba karamin hadari ba. … Za ku ba mu farin ciki da farin ciki idan, zama masu biyayya ga abubuwan da muka rubuta ta wurin Ruhu Mai Tsarki, Za ka kawar da mugun sha'awar kishi, bisa ga roƙon zaman lafiya da haɗin kai da muka yi a cikin wannan wasiƙa (58, 59, 63).
Saint Ignatius, Bishop na Antakiya, Wasika zuwa ga Romawa, c. A.D. 107:
Ignatius, kuma ana kiransa Theophorus, zuwa ga Ikilisiyar da ta sami jinƙai cikin girman Uba Maɗaukaki da kuma cikin Yesu Kiristi, Ɗansa tilo; zuwa ga Ikilisiya ƙaunataccen da haske bayan ƙaunar Yesu Kiristi, Allahnmu, Da iznin wanda Ya so dukan abin da yake; zuwa Coci kuma wanda ya daɗe da shugabancin, a wurin kasar Romawa, cancantar Allah, cancantar girmamawa, cancantar albarka, wanda ya cancanci yabo, cancantar nasara, cancantar tsarkakewa, kuma, saboda ka rike shugabancin cikin soyayya, mai suna bayan Kristi da kuma bayan Uba. … Ba ku yi hassada ba, amma wasu kun koya. Ina nufin abin da kuke kawai yi umarni a cikin umarninku na iya ci gaba da aiki (Adireshi, 3).
Saint Irenaeus, Bishop na Lyons, Akan Bidi'a, c. A.D. 185:
Amma tun da zai yi tsayi da yawa a ƙidaya a cikin irin wannan juzu'i na gadon dukan Ikklisiya, za mu rikitar da duk waɗanda suka yi, ta kowace hanya, ko ta hanyar gamsuwa da son kai ko girman banza, ko ta hanyar makanta da mugun tunani, tara wanin inda ya dace, ta hanyar nuna a nan gadoji na bishop na babbar kuma mafi tsohuwar Coci da kowa ya sani, Manzanni biyu mafi ɗaukaka sun kafa kuma suka tsara a Roma, Bitrus da Bulus, Ikilisiyar da ke da al'ada da bangaskiya wanda ke zuwa gare mu bayan an sanar da mutane ta wurin manzanni. Domin tare da wannan Church, saboda fifikonsa na asali, dole ne dukkan Ikklisiya su yarda, wato, duk masu aminci a duk faɗin duniya; kuma a cikinta ne masu aminci a ko'ina suke kiyaye al'adar Manzo. …
Manzanni masu albarka, tun kafa da gina Coci, suka mika ofishin bishop ga Linus. Bulus ya ambaci wannan Linus a cikin Wasiƙar zuwa ga Timotawus (4:21). A gare shi ya gaji Anacletus; kuma bayansa, a matsayi na uku daga Manzanni, An zaɓi Clement don bishop. Ya ga Manzanni masu albarka kuma ya san su. Ana iya cewa har yanzu yana jin karayar wa’azin manzanni, kuma sun kasance da al'adunsu a idonsa. Kuma ba shi kadai ba, gama da sauran da yawa waɗanda Manzanni suka yi musu wasiyya.
A zamanin Clement, Ba ƙaramin rikici ya taso a tsakanin ’yan’uwa a Koranti ba, Ikilisiyar da ke Roma ta aika wa Korintiyawa wasiƙa mai ƙarfi sosai, yana kwadaitar da su zuwa ga zaman lafiya da sabunta imaninsu. … Zuwa ga wannan Clement, Evaristus yayi nasara; kuma Alexander ya gaji Evaristus. Sannan, na shida bayan Manzanni, An nada Sixtus; bayan shi, Telesphorus, wanda kuma ya yi shahada mai daraja. Sai Hyginus; bayan shi, Pius; kuma bayansa, Anicetus. Soter ya gaji Anicetus, kuma yanzu, a matsayi na goma sha biyu bayan Manzanni, kuri'a na episcopate ya fadi ga Eleutherus. A cikin wannan tsari, da kuma ta koyarwar manzanni da aka mika a cikin Church, wa'azin gaskiya ya sauko mana. A zamanin Clement, Ba ƙaramin rikici ya taso a tsakanin ’yan’uwa a Koranti ba, Ikilisiyar da ke Roma ta aika wa Korintiyawa wasiƙa mai ƙarfi sosai, yana kwadaitar da su zuwa ga zaman lafiya da sabunta imaninsu. … Zuwa ga wannan Clement, Evaristus yayi nasara; kuma Alexander ya gaji Evaristus. Sannan, na shida bayan Manzanni, An nada Sixtus; bayan shi, Telesphorus, wanda kuma ya yi shahada mai daraja. Sai Hyginus; bayan shi, Pius; kuma bayansa, Anicetus. Soter ya gaji Anicetus, kuma yanzu, a matsayi na goma sha biyu bayan Manzanni, kuri'a na episcopate ya fadi ga Eleutherus. A cikin wannan tsari, da kuma ta koyarwar manzanni da aka mika a cikin Church, wa'azin gaskiya ya sauko mana (3:3:2-3)